الخلاصة:
Given the fundamental role of integration in measuring distances, there has always been a need
to develop this concept, especially due to the diversity and complexity of shapes in the real world.
Geometers have historically sought to extend integration to more complex geometric objects.
The first major obstacle arose when Riemann and Lebesgue integrals failed to apply on non-flat
surfaces. This prompted the intervention of differential geometers, most notably George Stokes, who
formulated the famous Stokes's theorema partial resolution connecting integration over a manifold
with its boundary.
However, this did not fully solve the issue. Therefore, Alexey V. Potepun approached the problem
differently by modifying the foundations of integration on manifolds, adapting it to the framework of
locally-finite variation. This was a major challenge, but it allowed for powerful new generalizations
of the integral.
Let us now explore what exactly happened.
