سياسة الجزائر الداخلية و الخارجية في عهد الداي شعبان ( 1100- 1106 هـ/ 1689 -1695مـ )

Abstract

شهدت الجزائر خلال فترة حكم الدايات بروز شخصية أعطت لها هيبتها و سمعتها في البحر الأبيض المتوسط، فالداي شعبان (1100- 1106ه/1689- 1695م)، الذي ورث أوضاع داخلية متوترة وصراع على السلطة وتحرشات أوروبية أبرزها الحملات الفرنسية، فقد حكم الجزائر مدة قصيرة لا تكاد تفوق ست سنوات (06) إستطاع فيها إخضاع الداخل وإخماد الثورات والتمردات المناوئة، وعلى الرغم من الصراعات الداخلية التي شهدتها السلطة بين الانكشارية ورياس البحر إستطاع شعبان خوجة التوفيق بينهما خدمة لتماسك الداخل،كما لا ننكر فضله في منح فئة الكراغلة الإنضمام إلى الجندية بعدما كانت مهمشة في فترات سابقة. كثيرًا ما قيل عن هذه الشخصية من أقلام حاقدة فقد وصفه البعض بالظالم وآكل أموال الناس بالباطل وبعضهم وصفه بالحاقد على العرب و استدل بحادثة التمرد ضده وتعامله بالقوة المفرطة ونفس الأشخاص نعتوه بأوصاف حميدة كقراءة القرآن و الِحلم على الفقراء. أقام نظامًا صحيًا يساير الأحداث التي شهدتها البلاد من أوبئة خاصة الطاعون مثل طاعون 1691م الذي عرف "بعام البرورو"، وهذا بمنح تسهيلات للمستشفيات الأجنبية واستغلال الأسرى الأجانب في محاربة هذه الأوبئة. During the period of the rule of the Al-Deys, Algeria witnessed the emergence of a personality that gave it prestige and reputation in the Mediterranean Sea. The DeyShaaban (1100-1106 AH/1689-1695 AD), who inherited tense internal conditions, a struggle for power, and European harassments, most notably the French campaigns, ruled Algeria for a short period. For almost more than six years (06), during which he was able to subjugate the interior and suppress the opposing revolutions and rebellions, and despite the internal conflicts that the authority witnessed between the Janissaries and the sea rulers, ShaabanKhoja was able to reconcile them in the service of internal cohesion. We also do not deny his merit in granting the gargoyles group to join the army after it had been marginalized. In previous periods Much has been said about this personality by spiteful writers. Some have described him as an oppressor, an unjust and taker of people’s wealth unlawfully. Some have described him as a hater against the Arabs, citing the incident of rebellion against him and his dealings with excessive force. The same people have described him with praiseworthy descriptions, such as reciting the Qur’an and forbearing and caring about the poor. He established a health system in line with the events that the country witnessed, especially plague epidemics, such as the plague of 1691 AD, which was known as the “Year of the Bororo,” by granting facilities to foreign hospitals and exploiting foreign prisoners to fight these epidemics. The truth is that this personality was not given great importance because he was able, in a short period of time, to build a strong foreign policy for Algeria. He sought to adopt a project to unify the Maghreb provinces (Tunisia - Tripoli in the West - Algeria) and fought wars with the Moroccan King Moulay Ismail. He also gave Algeria an international prestige, as evidenced by the European countries’ efforts to establish relations with Algeria and gain its satisfaction. This is evident through France’s signing of the Centennial Peace Treaty in 1689 AD, after tension and estrangement that lasted for years, and the attempt of England and the Netherlands to please Algeria during the era of DeyShaaban in order to preserve its privileges and commercial activity and get closer to it. The evidence of this is their attempt to baffle the peace treaty between Algeria and France for this reason.