Abstract:
This study investigates the toxic effects of aqueous foliar extracts of Peganum
harmala L on the activity of the cholinesterase enzyme in adult Drosophila melanogaster in
the Sebseb region of Ghardaïa. P. Harmala leaves are harvested at Hay ELJADR, and
subjected to drying, grinding and reflux extraction. Toxicity tests are carried out at different
doses of the aqueous extract of P.harmala L, treatment in vivo, either by contact (contact
toxicity and inhalation) or by consumption of food mixed with the leaf extract (toxicity by
ingestion ), Determines physiological parameters (lethal time 50 or LD50, mortality rate and
dose 50 or LD50) and the in vitro treatment makes it possible to determine biochemical
parameters (cholinesterase activity, activity The in vivo treatment revealed a percentage of
mortality which increased as a function of the extract concentration applied: 55.55% for
contact treatment at the dose 80% of applied extract and 100% for treatment with Ingestion at
a dose of 80%. The lethal time 50 (TL50) registers 8.80 hours with a lethal dose of 0.03mg /
ml per contact, 33.7 hours with a dose of 0.005mg / ml per Treatment, toxicity of contact
treatment seems to be the most effective.However, treatment of Drosophila individuals in
vitro with different doses of P.harmala extract shows a significant decrease in the more
perceptible cholinesterase activity at the highest dose, 0.03 ± 0.02 nanomole / min / ml for the
100% , In comparison with the cholinesterase activity in the control individuals, which is
equal to 3.39 ± 1.24 nanomole / min / ml, thus showing a decrease in the level of proteins for
all batches treated, the maximum decrease being noted at A pure dose, with 10.5 ± 6.71μg /
ml, similarly a decrease in the specific activity is noted, the maximum decrease is at the pure
dose with 0.068 ± 0.048 nanomole / mn / μg. The aqueous foliar extract of P. Harmala has
insecticidal and anticholinesterasic properties in D. Melanogaster.
