Évaluation in vitro du pouvoir antioxydant de l’espèce Hammada scoparia au Sahara Septentrional Algérien

Abstract

The objective of this study is to verify the specificity of an halophyte plant species Hammda scoparia (Pomel) Iljin or Saligne à balai, for therapeutic use in Ghardaia, El Bayadh and Ouargla regions of Northern Sahara, from a biochemical and biological point of view, in particular the antioxidant activity of the aqueous crude extracts from the aerial and root part. To do this, phytochemical screening tests are carried out to highlight the presence or absence of the main secondary metabolites of this plant. Extractions by aqueous maceration are carried out. The total polyphenols contents in the obtained crude extracts are then evaluated and their antioxidant potential against free radicals is finally determined. Of all the results obtained, the species of El- Bayadh region was richer in aqueous crude extract with 36.2% in its aerial part and 34.6% in its root part. In general, the aerial parts of our plant species from the three studied regions appear to be the richest in total polyphenols with a maximum content of 162 mg GAE/ g DPM in the crude extract of the species of Ghardaia region. The antioxidant power tests evaluated the power of the crude extracts in the reduction and trapping of free radicals. The obtained results from the inhibitory power of the DPPH radical show that the crude extracts isolated from the species from all concerned regions are very active and generally have superior antioxidant activities (IC50: 53-71 µg/ mL). As for the free radicals ABTS, the crude extracts of El Bayadh species showed the strongest antioxidant power. In short, the Hammada scoparia species from the El- Bayadh region is better than that of Ghardaia and Ouargla from the point of view of biochemical richness in polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity and more particularly in its aerial part.