أحكام الربا في النقدين وتطبيقاتها المعصرة

Abstract

ﺟﺎء ﻫﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻟﻴﺪرس ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ أﺣﻜﺎم رﺑﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻨﻘﻮد ﺎ وﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎ اﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮة، ﻓﺒﲔ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﺮﺑﺎ و أدﻟﺔ ﲢﺮﳝﻪ وأﻧﻮاﻋﻪ، وﻗﺪﻋﺮض أﻗﻮال اﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎء ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎن ﻋﻠﺔ اﻟﺮﺑﺎ واﺧﺘﺎر رﺟﺤﺎن ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎل ﺑﺄن اﻟﻌﻠﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻨﻘﺪﻳﻦ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺜﻤﻨﻴﺔ،وذﻟﻚ ﻷن اﻟﺜﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ أﺳﺎس ﻗﻴﻢ اﻷﺷﻴﺎء اﻟﱵ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻨﻘﻮد،وﺑﲔ اﺗﻔﺎق اﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن اﻟﺮﺑﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻨﻘﺪﻳﻦ وذﻛﺮ أدﻟﺘﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ. وﺗﻄﺮق اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻪ إﱃ دراﺳﺔ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﰒ دراﺳﺔ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ، ﻛﻤﺎ اﺳﺘﻌﺮض أﻗﻮال اﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎء وﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺘﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎ ﺎ اﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮة، ورﺟﺢ ﻗﻮل ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎل ﺑﺮﺑﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﻔﻠﻮس اﻟﺮاﺋﺠﺔ. وﺧﺘﻢ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﺎﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻜﻢ اﻟﺮﺑﺎ ﰲ اﻷوراق اﻟﻨﻘﺪﻳﺔ اﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮة، وذﻛﺮ ﺑﻌﺾ أﻗﻮال اﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎء اﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮﻳﻦ واﺧﺘﺎر اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻗﻮل ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎل ﲜﺮﻳﺎن اﻟﺮﺑﺎ ﺑﻨﻮﻋﻴﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ.ﰒ ذﻛﺮ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ اﳋﺎﲤﺔ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺻﻞ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ. This research came to study the issue of the rulings of usury and its contemporary applications, between the definition of usury and the evidence for its prohibition and its types. And he showed the agreement of the jurists on the flow of usury in the two cashes and mentioned their evidence for that. And the researcher touched on his subject to a theoretical study and then an applied study in it, as he reviewed the sayings of the jurists and their discussion in their contemporary applications, and preferred the saying of those who said that the money is popular. The research concluded by talking about the rule of usury in contemporary banknotes, and mentioned some of the sayings of contemporary jurists. The researcher chose the saying of those who said that the two types of usury flow in it. Then the researcher mentioned in the conclusion the results he reached.