Enquête d'évaluation de l'impact des produits phytosanitaire sur l'Environnement (Cas des pesticides dans la Vallée de Oued Souf(

Abstract

In recent years the Oued Souf valley occupies the dominant position in vegetable crops at the national level. This success has not been without the use of pesticides. In this context, the issue of environmental impacts of pesticides is shown above. In light of this problem, we made this study a random survey of 51 farms in Oued Souf valley on the use of pesticides during cultivation practices in the autumn and winter companions. Then we applied the simple survey method to assess the impact of pesticides on the environment of the Oued Souf valley, from the results of the investigation by the pollution pressure of principle expressed by the indicator treatment frequency (IFT). Based on the results, we can say that the pressure generated by the potato is very strong, and second in wheat despite the high frequency of use of pesticides in tomato, pepper and chilli, and that from the big potato surface. The results show that station Hassi khalifa causes high pressure and then Magren Ben Guecha, Reguiba and Guemar by moderate pressure. To strengthen the work with information concerning the behavior of pesticides in the environment, we have used other indicators such as GUS leaching indicator and environmental exposure indicator by pesticides (EEP) on the active substances where the results have accomplished the fact that the Propamocarb-hcl has the highest pressure rating, this active ingredient is movable to moderate mobility in soil. Its leaching potential is moderate. Then the aluminum Fosetyl this matter slightly mobile in soil. Leaching potential is low, it is very soluble in water, it is possible that it can contaminate groundwater. Thus, the Copper oxychloride recorded moderate pressure scores with very high exposure and is very persistent in the environment. The Chlorantraniliprole reported moderate pressure, it is persistent, it’s leaching potential is high. This indicates that it can contaminate groundwater by leaching. This situation requires a new policy of sustainable development of agriculture in balance with the environment Saharan whether a pesticide application monitoring policy, or substitution by the use of other types of crops such as soilless cultures.