Contribution à l’étude des nématodes phytopathogènes sur la tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) et un essai de lutte biologique par l’utilisation des broyats des plantes.

Abstract

The main aim of this work was to contributeon the improvement of tomato production by using of nematicides of five biopesticide types (Tomato LycopersiconesculentumAfrican rue or harmel, Peganum harmala, Basil Ocimum basilicum, Clove Syzygium aromaticum, Mexican marigoldTageteserecta). The five powders of the plants were tested on the tomato for their effects on different phytoparasite nematodes. For this purpose, different doses were prepared for each preparation and also method of application in vitro and in vivo. The results of the detection toke part from tomato parcel at the Farm of Mr. Akif Slimane in Daya region Ben Dahwa bydirect in Ghardaïa visual inspection; including observation of symptoms for air part and roots and by laboratory diagnosis. From the result of nematological analyzes of soil samples (the initial population), we identified 16 genuswith variable percentage. The main genus which is identified were Paratylenchus, Trichodorus, Meloidogyne, Xiphinema, Scutellonema, Rotylenchulus, Helicotylenchus, Ditylenchus, Pratylenchus. The results shows that the mortality rate of nematodes varies according to the stem and it’s depend on the methods of application in vitro in vivo .